.bg-iu-red {
  background: #990000 !important;
}

/* Flexbox container to equalize card heights */
.equal-height-cards {
  display: flex;
  align-items: stretch; /* Ensures all cards in the row have equal height */
}

/* Clean, targeted fix for research.html navbar positioning only */
/* Only apply fixed positioning and spacing to research.html specifically */

/* Basic navbar styling - no fixed positioning by default */
.nav-holder.make-sticky {
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 1030;
  background: white;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

/* Only apply fixed positioning and body padding when specifically needed */
/* This will be handled by JavaScript for research.html only */

/* Ensure hero sections have proper positioning by default */
.hero-section {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
  margin-top: 0;
  padding-top: 0;
}

/* Remove any excessive spacing that might have been added */
.nav-holder.make-sticky ~ .hero-section {
  margin-top: 0;
  padding-top: 0;
}

/* Ensure no unwanted body padding by default */
body {
  padding-top: 0;
  transition: padding-top 0.3s ease;
}

/* Research.html should behave like other pages - no special fixed positioning */
body.research-page .nav-holder.make-sticky,
body[data-page="research"] .nav-holder.make-sticky {
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 1030;
}

/* Research.html hero sections should have the same padding as other pages */
body.research-page .nav-holder.make-sticky ~ .hero-section,
body[data-page="research"] .nav-holder.make-sticky ~ .hero-section {
  margin-top: 0;
  padding-top: 0;
}

/* Ensure research.html body never gets excessive padding */
body.research-page {
  padding-top: 0 !important;
}

/* Override any JavaScript-added padding for research.html */
body.research-page[style*="padding-top"] {
  padding-top: 0 !important;
}

/* Ensure research.html navbar never gets fixed positioning */
body.research-page .nav-holder.make-sticky.is-fixed {
  position: sticky !important;
  top: 0 !important;
}

/* Override any JavaScript-added body padding with maximum specificity */
body.research-page[style*="padding-top"],
body.research-page[style*="padding-top:"] {
  padding-top: 0 !important;
}

/* Force research.html to have no body padding regardless of JavaScript */
body.research-page {
  padding-top: 0 !important;
  margin-top: 0 !important;
}

/* Ensure research.html navbar stays sticky and doesn't create gaps */
body.research-page .nav-holder.make-sticky {
  position: sticky !important;
  top: 0 !important;
  left: auto !important;
  right: auto !important;
  width: auto !important;
  margin: 0 !important;
  padding: 0 !important;
}

/* Maximum specificity override for any JavaScript-added styles */
html body.research-page[style*="padding-top"],
html body.research-page[style*="padding-top:"] {
  padding-top: 0 !important;
}

/* Override any theme.js added classes or styles */
body.research-page .nav-holder.make-sticky.is-fixed,
body.research-page .nav-holder.make-sticky.shadow-sm {
  position: sticky !important;
  top: 0 !important;
  left: auto !important;
  right: auto !important;
  width: auto !important;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.1) !important;
}

/* Ensure no gaps are created by the navbar */
body.research-page .nav-holder.make-sticky {
  margin: 0 !important;
  padding: 0 !important;
}

/* Prevent body padding when navbar has is-fixed class on research.html */
body.research-page .nav-holder.make-sticky.is-fixed ~ * {
  margin-top: 0 !important;
}

/* Override any body padding that might be added by JavaScript */
body.research-page[style*="padding-top"],
body.research-page[style*="padding-top:"] {
  padding-top: 0 !important;
}

/* Force research.html to behave like other pages */
body.research-page {
  padding-top: 0 !important;
  margin-top: 0 !important;
  overflow-x: hidden;
}

/* Maximum specificity override for any inline styles */
html body.research-page[style*="padding-top"],
html body.research-page[style*="padding-top:"] {
  padding-top: 0 !important;
}

/* Override any JavaScript-added body padding with maximum specificity */
body.research-page[style*="padding-top"],
body.research-page[style*="padding-top:"] {
  padding-top: 0 !important;
}

/* Ensure research.html never gets body padding regardless of source */
body.research-page {
  padding-top: 0 !important;
  margin-top: 0 !important;
}

/* Alternative approach: Target by URL path using CSS */
/* This will only affect pages with "research" in the URL */
@media (min-width: 1px) {
  /* Target research.html specifically */
  .nav-holder.make-sticky:has(+ .hero-section) {
    /* This will only apply when there's a hero section immediately after */
    position: sticky;
    top: 0;
  }
}

/* Add missing rules for research.html */
/* Override any fixed positioning that might be added */
body.research-page .nav-holder.make-sticky.is-fixed {
  position: sticky !important;
  top: 0 !important;
  left: auto !important;
  right: auto !important;
  width: auto !important;
}

/* Ensure hero section flows naturally */
body.research-page .hero-section {
  margin-top: 0 !important;
  padding-top: 0 !important;
  position: relative !important;
}

/* Ensure other pages don't get affected by research.html fixes */
/* Reset any unwanted styles for non-research pages */
body:not(.research-page) .nav-holder.make-sticky {
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
}

body:not(.research-page) .nav-holder.make-sticky ~ .hero-section {
  margin-top: 0;
  padding-top: 0;
}

/* Ensure no excessive body padding on non-research pages */
body:not(.research-page) {
  padding-top: 0 !important;
}

.borderless-container {
  background-color: white; /* Dark red background */
  padding: 40px 30px; /* Padding inside the cards */
  margin: 10px 0 0 0; /* Vertical margin to create space */
  color: black !important; /* Black text color */
  border-radius: 12px; /* Sharp edges for the card */
  transition: transform 0.3s ease; /* Add a smooth hover effect */
  flex-grow: 1; /* Ensures the cards grow equally */
  display: inline-block;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
  min-height: 250px; /* Set a minimum height for visual balance */
}

.borderless-container-top {
  background-color: white; /* Dark red background */
  padding: 40px 30px 0px 30px; /* Padding inside the cards */
  margin: 10px 0 0 0; /* Vertical margin to create space */
  color: black !important; /* Black text color */
  border-radius: 12px; /* Sharp edges for the card */
  transition: transform 0.3s ease; /* Add a smooth hover effect */
  flex-grow: 1; /* Ensures the cards grow equally */
  display: inline-block;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
  min-height: 250px; /* Set a minimum height for visual balance */
}

.bordered-container {
  background-color: white; /* Dark red background */
  padding: 40px 30px; /* Padding inside the cards */
  margin: 10px 0 0 0; /* Vertical margin to create space */
  color: black !important; /* Black text color */
  border-radius: 12px; /* Sharp edges for the card */
  border-bottom: 1px solid gray; /* Border for card-like appearance */
  transition: transform 0.3s ease; /* Add a smooth hover effect */
  flex-grow: 1; /* Ensures the cards grow equally */
  display: inline-block;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
  min-height: 250px; /* Set a minimum height for visual balance */
}

.bordered-container-top-bot {
  background-color: white; /* Dark red background */
  padding: 40px 30px; /* Padding inside the cards */
  margin: 10px 0 0 0; /* Vertical margin to create space */
  color: black !important; /* Black text color */
  border-radius: 12px; /* Sharp edges for the card */
  border-top: 1px solid gray; /* Border for card-like appearance */
  border-bottom: 1px solid gray; /* Border for card-like appearance */
  transition: transform 0.3s ease; /* Add a smooth hover effect */
  flex-grow: 1; /* Ensures the cards grow equally */
  display: inline-block;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
  min-height: 250px; /* Set a minimum height for visual balance */
}

.text-red {
  --bs-text-opacity: 1;
  color: #990000 !important;
}

/* Styling for the card-like boxes */
.card-box {
  background-color: #990000; /* Dark red background */
  padding: 40px 30px; /* Padding inside the cards */
  margin: 20px 0; /* Vertical margin to create space */
  box-shadow: 0 8px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); /* Enhanced drop shadow */
  color: white; /* White text color */
  border-radius: 12px; /* Sharp edges for the card */
  border: 2px solid #990000; /* Border for card-like appearance */
  transition: transform 0.3s ease; /* Add a smooth hover effect */
  flex-grow: 1; /* Ensures the cards grow equally */
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
  min-height: 250px; /* Set a minimum height for visual balance */
}

.card-box-white {
  background-color: white; /* Dark red background */
  padding: 40px 30px; /* Padding inside the cards */
  margin: 20px 0; /* Vertical margin to create space */
  box-shadow: 0 8px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); /* Enhanced drop shadow */
  color: black !important; /* Black text color */
  border-radius: 16px; /* Rounded. Previously sharp edges for the card: 12px */
  border: 2px solid white; /* Border for card-like appearance */
  transition: transform 0.3s ease; /* Add a smooth hover effect */
  flex-grow: 1; /* Ensures the cards grow equally */
  display: inline-block;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
  min-height: 250px; /* Set a minimum height for visual balance */
}

/* Text inside the cards */
.text-content {
  font-size: 1.5rem; /* Slightly larger font for better readability */
  font-weight: 600;
  text-shadow: 2px 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);
  margin: 0; /* Remove default margin */
  text-align: center; /* Center text within the card */
}

/* Publication Cards */
.publication-card {
  border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.125);
  border-radius: 8px;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
  background-color: white;
}

.publication-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  box-shadow: 0 4px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}

.publication-image {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  border-radius: 8px 0 0 8px;
}

.publication-card .card-body {
  height: 100%;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  padding: 1.75rem;
}

.publication-card .card-title {
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: #2c3e50;
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
}

.publication-card .card-text {
  color: #444;
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.publication-card .text-muted {
  font-size: 0.9rem;
}

.publication-meta {
  margin-top: auto;
  padding-top: 1.5rem;
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}

.swiper-container.publication-slider {
  height: 100%;
  background-color: #f8f9fa;
}

.card-body {
  padding: 2rem;
}

/* Section headers */
.h4 {
  color: #2c3e50;
  font-weight: 600;
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
  padding-bottom: 1rem;
  border-bottom: 2px solid rgba(0, 123, 255, 0.1);
}

/* Container spacing */
.publication-list {
  margin-bottom: 3rem;
}

/* Responsive adjustments */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .publication-image {
    height: 200px;
    width: 100%;
  }
  
  .publication-slider {
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
  }
}

.featured-card {
  border-left: 5px solid var(--bs-primary);
}

/* Filter Section */
.btn-outline-primary {
  border-radius: 20px;
  padding: 0.375rem 1rem;
}

/* Swiper Customization */
.swiper-pagination-bullet {
  background: var(--bs-primary);
}

.swiper-pagination-bullet-active {
  background: var(--bs-primary);
  transform: scale(1.2);
}

/* Hover effect to enhance the visual */
.card-box:hover {
  transform: translateY(-10px); /* Lift the card on hover */
  box-shadow: 0 12px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3); /* Deeper shadow on hover */
}

/* Hover effect to enhance the visual */
.card-box-white:hover {
  transform: translateY(-10px); /* Lift the card on hover */
  box-shadow: 0 12px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3); /* Deeper shadow on hover */
}

/* Hover effect to enhance the visual */
.bordered-container:hover {
  transform: translateX(-10px); /* Lift the card on hover */
  /* box-shadow: 0 12px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3); */
}

/* Hover effect to enhance the visual */
.bordered-container-top-bot:hover {
  transform: translateX(-10px); /* Lift the card on hover */
  /* box-shadow: 0 12px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3); */
}

/* Hover effect to enhance the visual */
.borderless-container:hover {
  transform: translateY(-10px); /* Lift the borderless container on hover */
  /* box-shadow: 0 12px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3); */
}

/* Hover effect to enhance the visual */
.borderless-container-top:hover {
  transform: translateY(-10px); /* Lift the borderless container on hover */
  /* box-shadow: 0 12px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3); */
}

/* Adjust margins for equal spacing */
.row.portfolio-showcase {
  margin-bottom: 30px; /* Space between rows */
}

/* Responsive behavior */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .card-box {
    margin: 15px 0; /* Smaller margin for smaller screens */
  }
  .card-box-white {
    margin: 15px 0; /* Smaller margin for smaller screens */
  }
  .bordered-container {
    margin: 15px 0; /* Smaller margin for smaller screens */
  }
  .bordered-container-top-bot {
    margin: 15px 0; /* Smaller margin for smaller screens */
  }
  .borderless-container {
    margin: 15px 0; /* Smaller margin for smaller screens */
  }
  .borderless-container-top {
    margin: 15px 0; /* Smaller margin for smaller screens */
  }
}

.pagination {
  margin-top: 3rem;
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

.pagination .page-link {
  padding: 0.75rem 1.25rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--bs-primary);
  border: 1px solid rgba(0, 123, 255, 0.1);
  margin: 0 3px;
  border-radius: 6px;
}

.pagination .page-item.active .page-link {
  background-color: var(--bs-primary);
  border-color: var(--bs-primary);
  color: white;
}

.pagination .page-link:hover {
  background-color: rgba(0, 123, 255, 0.1);
  border-color: rgba(0, 123, 255, 0.2);
}

.py-5 {
  padding-top: 4rem !important;
  padding-bottom: 4rem !important;
}

.publication-card .btn {
  padding: 0.5rem 1.5rem;
  font-weight: 500;
}

.badge {
  padding: 0.5rem 1rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.5px;
}

/* Update input and button styling */
.form-control,
.btn,
.input-group .btn,
.badge {
  border-radius: 8px;
}

/* Special case for input group to avoid radius clash */
.input-group .form-control {
  border-top-right-radius: 0;
  border-bottom-right-radius: 0;
}

.input-group .btn {
  border-top-left-radius: 0;
  border-bottom-left-radius: 0;
}

/* Updated pagination styling to match the rounded theme */
.pagination {
  gap: 0.5rem;
}

.pagination .page-item {
  margin: 0 2px;
}

.pagination .page-link {
  border-radius: 8px;
  padding: 0.75rem 1.25rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--bs-primary);
  border: 1px solid rgba(0, 123, 255, 0.1);
  background-color: white;
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.pagination .page-item.active .page-link {
  background-color: var(--bs-primary);
  border-color: var(--bs-primary);
  color: white;
}

.pagination .page-link:hover {
  background-color: rgba(0, 123, 255, 0.1);
  border-color: rgba(0, 123, 255, 0.2);
}

.pagination .page-item.disabled .page-link {
  background-color: #f8f9fa;
  border-color: #dee2e6;
  color: #6c757d;
}

/* Publication card improvements */
.publication-card {
  border: none;
  border-radius: 12px;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
  overflow: hidden;
  background-color: white;
}

.publication-card .row {
  height: 100%;
}

.publication-card .col-md-3,
.publication-card .col-md-9 {
  height: 100%;
}

.publication-image {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: contain;
  object-position: center;
  padding: 1rem;
  background-color: #f8f9fa;
}

.publication-card .card-body {
  height: 100%;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  padding: 1.75rem;
}

/* Push meta information to bottom */
.publication-meta {
  margin-top: auto;
  padding-top: 1.5rem;
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}

/* Responsive adjustments */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .publication-card {
    height: auto; /* Allow dynamic height on mobile */
  }
  
  .publication-card .col-md-3 {
    height: 200px;
  }
  
  .publication-image {
    height: 200px;
  }
}

/* Publication Tabs Styling */
.publication-tabs {
  border-bottom: none;
  gap: 0.5rem;
}

.publication-tabs .nav-item {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

.nav-link-wrapper {
  text-decoration: none;
  display: block;
}

.nav-link-wrapper:hover {
  text-decoration: none;
}

.nav-link-wrapper .nav-link {
  width: 100%;
}

.publication-tabs .nav-link,
.category-filters .nav-link {
  border: none;
  padding: 0.75rem 1.5rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: #6c757d;
  background-color: white;
  border-radius: 8px;
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
  white-space: nowrap;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
}

/* Remove underline from anchor tags in publication tabs */
.publication-tabs a {
  text-decoration: none;
}

.publication-tabs a:hover {
  text-decoration: none;
}

.publication-tabs a:focus {
  text-decoration: none;
}

.publication-tabs .nav-link:hover,
.category-filters .nav-link:hover {
  color: var(--bs-primary);
  background-color: rgba(0, 123, 255, 0.05);
  transform: translateY(-1px);
  box-shadow: 0 4px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}

.publication-tabs .nav-link.active,
.category-filters .nav-link.active {
  color: white;
  background-color: var(--bs-primary);
  box-shadow: 0 4px 8px rgba(0, 123, 255, 0.3);
}

.category-filters {
  background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5);
  padding: 1.5rem;
  border-radius: 12px;
}

.category-filters h6 {
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.5px;
}

/* Responsive adjustments */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .publication-tabs .nav-link,
  .category-filters .nav-link {
    padding: 0.5rem 1rem;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
  }
  
  .category-filters {
    padding: 1rem;
  }
  
  .category-filters .nav-pills {
    gap: 0.5rem !important;
  }
}

/* Tab Content Animation */
.tab-pane {
  animation: fadeIn 0.3s ease-in;
}

@keyframes fadeIn {
  from {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateY(10px);
  }
  to {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translateY(0);
  }
}

/* Landing page specific styles */
.icon-box {
  height: 80px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
}

.icon-box i {
  color: #990000;
}

.min-vh-80 {
  min-height: 80vh;
}

.display-2 {
  font-size: 3.5rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.2;
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .display-2 {
    font-size: 2.5rem;
  }
}

/* Animation classes */
.fade-in-up {
  opacity: 1;
  transform: translateY(20px);
  transition: all 0.6s ease-out;
}

/* Make content visible by default */
/* .fade-in-up {
  opacity: 1;
  transform: translateY(0);
} */

/* Only hide and animate when JavaScript is available */
.js .fade-in-up {
  opacity: 0;
  transform: translateY(20px);
}

.fade-in-up.active {
  opacity: 1;
  transform: translateY(0);
}

.fade-in-up.delay-1 { transition-delay: 0.1s; }
.fade-in-up.delay-2 { transition-delay: 0.2s; }
.fade-in-up.delay-3 { transition-delay: 0.3s; }

/* Delay classes */
.delay-1 { transition-delay: 0.1s; }
.delay-2 { transition-delay: 0.2s; }
.delay-3 { transition-delay: 0.3s; }

/* Hover animations */
.hover-lift {
  transition: transform 0.3s ease, box-shadow 0.3s ease;
}

.hover-lift:hover {
  transform: translateY(-5px);
  box-shadow: 0 5px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}

/* Redesigned news container */
.news-container {
  background-color: white;
  padding: 1.5rem;
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
  border-radius: 12px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.news-container:hover {
  border-color: #1a73e8;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
}

.news-container .date-badge {
  display: inline-block;
  padding: 0.25rem 0.75rem;
  background-color: #e3f2fd;
  color: #1a73e8;
  border-radius: 20px;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

/* Hero section animations */
.hero-text {
  opacity: 1;
  transform: none;
  animation: none;
}

.hero-text.delay-1 { animation-delay: 0.2s; }
.hero-text.delay-2 { animation-delay: 0.4s; }
.hero-text.delay-3 { animation-delay: 0.6s; }

@keyframes fadeInUp {
  from {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateY(30px);
  }
  to {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translateY(0);
  }
}

/* Rotating icon animation */
.icon-box i {
  transition: transform 0.3s ease;
}

.card-box-white:hover .icon-box i {
  transform: rotateY(180deg);
}

/* Research page specific styles */
.research-card {
  background: white;
  border-radius: 15px;
  padding: 2rem;
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.research-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-5px);
  box-shadow: 0 5px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}

.research-image-container {
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  border-radius: 10px;
  background-color: #f8f9fa;
  min-height: 200px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
}

.research-image-container img {
  transition: none;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  object-position: center;
  min-height: 200px;
}

.research-card:hover .research-image-container img {
  transform: none;
}

.pdf-link {
  position: absolute;
  top: 15px;
  right: 15px;
  background: white;
  color: #990000;
  width: 36px;
  height: 36px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}

.pdf-link:hover {
  background: #990000;
  color: white;
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  box-shadow: 0 4px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);
}

.research-tags {
  display: flex;
  gap: 0.75rem;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.tag {
  background: rgba(153, 0, 0, 0.1);
  color: #990000;
  padding: 0.35rem 0.75rem;
  border-radius: 20px;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.tag:hover {
  background: rgba(153, 0, 0, 0.2);
}

.min-vh-50 {
  min-height: 50vh;
}

/* Ensure research content is properly spaced */
.research-content {
  padding-left: 1rem;
}

@media (max-width: 992px) {
  .research-content {
    padding-left: 0;
    margin-top: 1rem;
  }
  
  /* Improve image display on smaller screens */
  .research-image-container {
    min-height: 180px;
  }
  
  .research-image-container img {
    min-height: 180px;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .research-image-container {
    min-height: 160px;
  }
  
  .research-image-container img {
    min-height: 160px;
  }
}

/* Adjust hero section spacing */
.min-vh-40 {
  min-height: 40vh;  /* Reduced from 50vh */
}

/* Remove animation classes from hero text */
.hero-text {
  opacity: 1;
  transform: none;
  animation: none;
}

/* Keep the fade-in-up animation for cards */
.fade-in-up {
  opacity: 0;
  transform: translateY(20px);
  transition: all 0.6s ease-out;
}

.fade-in-up.active {
  opacity: 1;
  transform: translateY(0);
}

/* Adjust research card spacing */
.research-card {
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
  /* ... rest of the research-card styles ... */
}

/* Hero section heights */
.min-vh-30 {
  min-height: 30vh;  /* Shorter height for non-index pages */
}

.min-vh-80 {
  min-height: 80vh;  /* Keep original height for index page */
}

/* Remove animation classes from hero text on non-index pages */
.hero-section:not(.landing-hero) .hero-text {
  opacity: 1;
  transform: none;
  animation: none;
}

/* Adjust hero padding for non-index pages */
.hero-section:not(.landing-hero) .py-4 {
  padding-top: 2rem !important;
  padding-bottom: 2rem !important;
}

/* Keep animations for cards */
.research-card {
  opacity: 0;
  transform: translateY(20px);
  transition: all 0.6s ease-out;
}

.research-card.active {
  opacity: 1;
  transform: translateY(0);
}

/* Hero text animations - only for landing page */
.landing-hero .hero-text {
  opacity: 0;
  transform: translateY(30px);
  animation: fadeInUp 1s ease forwards;
}

.landing-hero .hero-text.delay-1 { animation-delay: 0.2s; }
.landing-hero .hero-text.delay-2 { animation-delay: 0.4s; }
.landing-hero .hero-text.delay-3 { animation-delay: 0.6s; }

/* Regular hero text (non-landing pages) */
.hero-section:not(.landing-hero) .hero-text {
  opacity: 1;
  transform: none;
  animation: none;
}

@keyframes fadeInUp {
  from {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateY(30px);
  }
  to {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translateY(0);
  }
}

/* Research page enhancements */
.overview-card {
  background: white;
  border-radius: 12px;
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
  height: 100%;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);
}

.overview-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-5px);
  box-shadow: 0 5px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}

.overview-card .icon-box {
  width: 60px;
  height: 60px;
  background: rgba(153, 0, 0, 0.1);
  border-radius: 50%;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  margin: 0 auto;
  color: #990000;
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.overview-card:hover .icon-box {
  background: #990000;
  color: white;
  transform: rotateY(180deg);
}

/* Adjust spacing between sections */
.py-4 {
  padding-top: 2.5rem !important;
  padding-bottom: 2.5rem !important;
}

.py-5 {
  padding-top: 3rem !important;
  padding-bottom: 3rem !important;
}

/* Remove pattern from bg-light and simplify */
.bg-light {
  background: #f8f9fa !important;
}

/* Simplify section title */
.section-title {
  text-align: center;
  margin-bottom: 3rem;
}

.section-title .title {
  font-size: 2.2rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: #2c3e50;
  position: relative;
  padding-bottom: 1rem;
}

.section-title .title:after {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  bottom: 0;
  left: 50%;
  transform: translateX(-50%);
  width: 60px;
  height: 3px;
  background: rgba(153, 0, 0, 0.8);
}

/* IU Red button styling */
.btn-outline-iu-red {
  color: #990000;
  border-color: #990000;
}

.btn-outline-iu-red:hover {
  color: #ffffff;
  background-color: #990000;
  border-color: #990000;
}

.btn-outline-grey {
  color: #181818;
  border-color: #181818;
}

.btn-outline-grey:hover {
  color: #ffffff;
  background-color: #181818;
  border-color: #181818;
}

/* News and Classes specific styles */
.news-card, .class-card {
  background: white;
  border-radius: 15px;
  padding: 2rem;
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.news-card:hover, .class-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-5px);
  box-shadow: 0 5px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}

.date-badge {
  background: rgba(153, 0, 0, 0.1);
  color: #990000;
  padding: 0.35rem 0.75rem;
  border-radius: 20px;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  display: inline-block;
  white-space: nowrap;
  min-width: fit-content;
  text-align: center;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.date-badge-blue {
  background: #e3f2fd;
  color: #1a73e8;
  padding: 0.35rem 0.75rem;
  border-radius: 20px;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  display: inline-block;
  white-space: nowrap;
  min-width: fit-content;
  text-align: center;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.date-badge-gray {
  background: rgba(148, 148, 148, 0.1);
  color: #666666;
  padding: 0.35rem 0.75rem;
  border-radius: 20px;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  display: inline-block;
  white-space: nowrap;
  min-width: fit-content;
  text-align: center;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.class-tags {
  display: flex;
  gap: 0.75rem;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.news-content, .class-content {
  padding-left: 1rem;
}

/* News card header layout improvements */
.news-card .d-flex.justify-content-between.align-items-center {
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.5rem;
}

.news-card .d-flex.justify-content-between.align-items-center h2 {
  flex: 1;
  min-width: 0;
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

.news-card .d-flex.justify-content-between.align-items-center .date-badge-gray {
  margin-left: auto;
}

@media (max-width: 992px) {
  .news-content, .class-content {
    padding-left: 0;
    margin-top: 1rem;
  }
  
  /* Improve date badge layout on smaller screens */
  .news-card .d-flex.justify-content-between.align-items-center {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: flex-start !important;
    gap: 0.75rem;
  }
  
  .news-card .d-flex.justify-content-between.align-items-center .date-badge-gray {
    margin-left: 0;
    align-self: flex-end;
  }
}

/* Team Page Styles */
.team-card {
  border: none;
  box-shadow: 0 5px 15px rgba(0,0,0,0.05);
  transition: transform 0.3s ease, box-shadow 0.3s ease;
  border-radius: 0.5rem;
}

.team-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-5px);
  box-shadow: 0 10px 25px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
}

.avatar {
  width: 120px;
  height: 120px;
  object-fit: cover;
  border: 4px solid #fff;
  box-shadow: 0 5px 15px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
}

.card-body {
  padding: 1.5rem;
}

.card-body .mb-4 {
  margin-bottom: 1rem !important;
}

.card-body .mt-auto {
  margin-top: auto !important;
  padding-top: 1rem;
}

.h6.text-muted.mb-2 {
  margin-bottom: 0.35rem !important;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
}

.social-links {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 0.5rem;
}

.social-link {
  color: #555;
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  padding: 0.5rem;
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.8);
  width: 35px;
  height: 35px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
}

.social-link:hover {
  color: var(--bs-primary);
  background: #fff;
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  box-shadow: 0 5px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
}

.team-tabs .nav-link {
  color: #555;
  font-weight: 500;
  padding: 1rem 1.5rem;
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.team-tabs .nav-link:hover {
  color: var(--bs-primary);
}

.team-tabs .nav-link.active {
  color: var(--bs-primary);
  font-weight: 600;
}

.bg-primary-soft {
  background-color: rgba(var(--bs-primary-rgb), 0.1);
  color: var(--bs-primary);
}

.research-tags .badge {
  font-weight: 500;
  padding: 0.5rem 1rem;
}

/* Research tags and badges */
.research-tags {
  display: flex;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  margin-top: 0.25rem;
}

.research-tags .badge {
  font-weight: 500;
  padding: 0.4rem 0.75rem;
  margin: 0;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

/* Card body spacing adjustments */
.team-card .card-body {
  padding: 1.5rem;
}

.team-card .card-body .mb-4 {
  margin-bottom: 1rem !important;
}

.team-card .card-body .mt-auto {
  margin-top: auto !important;
  padding-top: 1rem;
}

.team-card .h6.text-muted.mb-2 {
  margin-bottom: 0.35rem !important;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
}

/* Outreach Page Styles */
.outreach-card {
  transition: transform 0.3s ease, box-shadow 0.3s ease;
  padding: 1rem;
  border-radius: 0.5rem;
  background: #fff;
  box-shadow: 0 5px 15px rgba(0,0,0,0.05);
}

.outreach-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-5px);
  box-shadow: 0 10px 20px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
}

.outreach-card img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 250px;
  object-fit: cover;
  border-radius: 0.5rem;
  box-shadow: 0 5px 15px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
}

.event-card {
  border: none;
  box-shadow: 0 5px 15px rgba(0,0,0,0.05);
  transition: transform 0.3s ease, box-shadow 0.3s ease;
  border-radius: 0.5rem;
}

.event-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-5px);
  box-shadow: 0 10px 25px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
}

.section-title {
  position: relative;
  padding-bottom: 1rem;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
  font-size: 1.75rem;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.section-title:after {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  bottom: 0;
  left: 50%;
  transform: translateX(-50%);
  width: 80px;
  height: 3px;
  background: var(--bs-primary);
}

.gallery-card {
  transition: transform 0.3s ease;
}

.gallery-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-5px);
}

.gallery-card img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 250px;
  object-fit: cover;
  transition: box-shadow 0.3s ease;
}

.gallery-card:hover img {
  box-shadow: 0 10px 20px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
}

.contact-card {
  border: none;
  border-radius: 1rem;
  transition: transform 0.3s ease;
}

.contact-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-5px);
}

.list-unstyled li {
  position: relative;
  padding-left: 0.5rem;
}

.section-title {
  position: relative;
  padding-bottom: 1rem;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
  font-size: 1.75rem;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.section-title:after {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  bottom: 0;
  left: 50%;
  transform: translateX(-50%);
  width: 80px;
  height: 3px;
  background: var(--bs-primary);
}

/* .class-card {
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

.class-card .badge {
  padding: 0.5rem 1rem;
  font-weight: 500;
}

.class-card .bg-primary-soft {
  background-color: rgba(153, 0, 0, 0.1);
  color: #990000;
}

.object-fit-cover {
  object-fit: cover;
} */

.badge-previous {
  background: #f0f0f0;
  color: #666666;
  padding: 0.3rem 0.7rem;
  border-radius: 20px;
  font-size: 0.7rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  display: inline-block;
  border: 1px solid #e0e0e0;
}

.class-card {
  background: white;
  border-radius: 15px;
  padding: 2rem;
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.class-card .card {
  border: none;
  box-shadow: none;
}

/* Media Page Styles */
.media-category-card {
  transition: transform 0.3s ease;
}

.media-category-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-10px);
}

.media-thumbnail {
  height: 220px;
  object-fit: cover;
}

.video-card {
  transition: transform 0.3s ease;
}

.video-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-5px);
}

.gallery-link {
  text-decoration: none;
  color: inherit;
  display: block;
}

.gallery-item {
  position: relative;
  transition: transform 0.3s ease;
  height: 220px;
}

.gallery-item:hover {
  transform: translateY(-5px);
}

.gallery-image {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
}

.gallery-overlay {
  position: absolute;
  bottom: 0;
  left: 0;
  right: 0;
  background: linear-gradient(to top, rgba(0,0,0,0.8), transparent);
  color: white;
  padding: 1rem;
  opacity: 0;
  transition: opacity 0.3s ease;
}

.gallery-item:hover .gallery-overlay {
  opacity: 1;
}

/* Vehicle Category Cards */
.vehicle-category-card {
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.vehicle-category-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-10px);
}

.shadow-default {
  box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
  transition: box-shadow 0.3s ease, transform 0.3s ease;
  border-radius: 16px;
}

.vehicle-category-card:hover .shadow-default {
  box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);
}

.vehicle-thumbnail {
  height: 300px;
  object-fit: cover;
  border-top-left-radius: 16px;
  border-top-right-radius: 16px;
}

.category-overlay {
  position: absolute;
  top: 20px;
  right: 20px;
  z-index: 2;
}

.category-overlay .badge {
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  padding: 0.5rem 1rem;
  border-radius: 50px;
}

/* General Styles */
.display-5 {
  font-weight: 600;
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.lead.text-muted {
  font-size: 1.1rem;
}

.btn-outline-primary {
  padding: 0.5rem 1rem;
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.btn-outline-primary:hover {
  transform: translateY(-2px);
}

.rounded-pill {
  border-radius: 50rem !important;
}

/* Add these styles to your existing CSS */
.publication-card {
  transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;
  opacity: 0;
  transform: translateY(20px);
}

.publication-card.active {
  opacity: 1;
  transform: translateY(0);
}

.btn-outline-primary.active {
  background-color: var(--bs-primary);
  color: white;
}

.filter-button-group {
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.btn-outline-primary {
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

/* Updated Navigation and Filter Styling */
.nav-container,
.filter-container,
.search-container {
  background: white;
  border-radius: 12px;
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.main-nav {
  gap: 0.5rem;
}

.main-nav .nav-link {
  color: #6c757d;
  padding: 1rem 1.5rem;
  border-radius: 8px;
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
  font-weight: 500;
}

.main-nav .nav-link:hover {
  background-color: rgba(0, 123, 255, 0.05);
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}

.main-nav .nav-link.active {
  background-color: var(--bs-primary);
  color: white;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 8px rgba(0, 123, 255, 0.2);
}

.filter-chips {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.5rem;
}

.chip {
  border: none;
  background: #f8f9fa;
  padding: 0.6rem 1.2rem;
  border-radius: 50px;
  color: #6c757d;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  cursor: pointer;
}

.chip:hover {
  background: rgba(0, 123, 255, 0.1);
  color: var(--bs-primary);
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}

.chip.active {
  background: var(--bs-primary);
  color: white;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 8px rgba(0, 123, 255, 0.2);
}

.search-container .input-group {
  box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
  border-radius: 8px;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.search-container .form-control {
  border: none;
  padding: 0.75rem 1rem;
}

.search-container .btn {
  padding: 0.75rem 1.25rem;
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .filter-container,
  .search-container {
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
  }
  
  .chip {
    padding: 0.4rem 0.8rem;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
  }
}

/* Sticky Filter Section */
.sticky-top {
  backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
  background: rgba(248, 249, 250, 0.95);
}

/* Results Count Badge */
.badge {
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  padding: 0.5em 1em;
}

/* Filter Toolbar */
.filter-toolbar {
  background: white;
  padding: 0.75rem 1rem;
  border-radius: 8px;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
}

.filter-chips {
  display: flex;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.chip {
  border: none;
  background: #f8f9fa;
  padding: 0.5rem 1rem;
  border-radius: 50px;
  color: #6c757d;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  transition: all 0.2s ease;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.5rem;
}

.chip:hover {
  background: rgba(0, 123, 255, 0.1);
  color: var(--bs-primary);
}

.chip.active {
  background: var(--bs-primary);
  color: white;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0, 123, 255, 0.2);
}

.search-input {
  width: 200px;
}

.search-input .form-control {
  border-radius: 20px;
  padding-left: 1rem;
  padding-right: 1rem;
}

/* Publication Cards - Matching journals style */
.publication-card {
  border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.125);
  border-radius: 8px;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
  background-color: white;
}

.publication-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  box-shadow: 0 4px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}

.publication-image {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  border-radius: 8px 0 0 8px;
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .filter-toolbar {
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 1rem;
  }
  
  .filter-chips {
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
  }
  
  .search-input {
    width: 100%;
  }
  
  .publication-image {
    border-radius: 8px 8px 0 0;
  }
}

/* Media Gallery Styling */
.media-filter {
  padding: 1rem;
  border-radius: 12px;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
}

.filter-chips {
  display: flex;
  gap: 0.75rem;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.media-chip {
  border: none;
  background: #f8f9fa;
  padding: 0.75rem 1.5rem;
  border-radius: 50px;
  color: #6c757d;
  font-weight: 500;
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.media-chip:hover {
  background: rgba(0, 123, 255, 0.1);
  color: var(--bs-primary);
}

.media-chip.active {
  background: var(--bs-primary);
  color: white;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0, 123, 255, 0.2);
}

.media-card {
  position: relative;
  border-radius: 12px;
  overflow: hidden;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.media-image {
  width: 100%;
  aspect-ratio: 4/3;
  object-fit: cover;
  transition: transform 0.3s ease;
}

.media-card:hover .media-image {
  transform: scale(1.05);
}

.media-overlay {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  background: linear-gradient(to top, rgba(0,0,0,0.8), rgba(0,0,0,0.2));
  padding: 1.25rem;
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-end;
  opacity: 0;
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.media-card:hover .media-overlay {
  opacity: 1;
}

/* Video Cards */
.video-card {
  background: white;
  border-radius: 12px;
  overflow: hidden;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.video-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-5px);
  box-shadow: 0 5px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
}

.video-info {
  padding: 1.25rem;
}

/* No Results */
#noResults {
  background: #f8f9fa;
  border-radius: 12px;
  padding: 3rem;
  margin-top: 2rem;
}

#noResults i {
  color: #dee2e6;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

/* Responsive Adjustments */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .media-filter {
    padding: 0.75rem;
  }
  
  .media-chip {
    padding: 0.5rem 1rem;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
  }
}

/* Add these new styles to custom.css */
.research-hero {
  position: relative;
  padding: 120px 0;
  background-size: cover;
  background-position: center;
}

.research-hero::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  right: 0;
  bottom: 0;
  background: linear-gradient(rgba(0,0,0,0.7), rgba(0,0,0,0.4));
}

.research-timeline {
  position: relative;
  padding-left: 50px;
}

.research-timeline::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  top: 0;
  bottom: 0;
  width: 2px;
  background: #e9ecef;
}

.research-milestone {
  position: relative;
  margin-bottom: 3rem;
}

.research-milestone::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  left: -54px;
  top: 0;
  width: 10px;
  height: 10px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--bs-primary);
  border: 3px solid white;
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(13, 110, 253, 0.2);
}

.research-card-detailed {
  border-radius: 15px;
  overflow: hidden;
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
  background: white;
  box-shadow: 0 5px 15px rgba(0,0,0,0.08);
}

.research-card-detailed:hover {
  transform: translateY(-5px);
  box-shadow: 0 8px 25px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
}

.research-image-wrapper {
  position: relative;
  padding-top: 56.25%; /* 16:9 Aspect Ratio */
  overflow: hidden;
}

.research-image-wrapper img {
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  transition: transform 0.5s ease;
}

.research-card-detailed:hover .research-image-wrapper img {
  transform: scale(1.05);
}

.research-content-detailed {
  padding: 2rem;
}

.research-stats {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(150px, 1fr));
  gap: 1.5rem;
  margin-top: 2rem;
}

.stat-item {
  text-align: center;
  padding: 1.5rem;
  background: #f8f9fa;
  border-radius: 10px;
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.stat-item:hover {
  background: var(--bs-primary);
  color: white;
}

.stat-item:hover .stat-number,
.stat-item:hover .stat-label {
  color: white;
}

.stat-number {
  font-size: 2rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--bs-primary);
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.stat-number-white {
  font-size: 2rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: white;
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.stat-label {
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  color: #6c757d;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 1px;
}

.stat-label-white {
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  color: white;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 1px;
}

.research-tags {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  margin-top: 1rem;
}

.research-tag {
  padding: 0.25rem 1rem;
  border-radius: 20px;
  background: #e9ecef;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  color: #495057;
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.research-tag:hover {
  background: var(--bs-primary);
  color: white;
}

/* Research Preview Cards */
.research-preview-card {
  position: relative;
  display: block;
  height: 500px;
  border-radius: 15px;
  overflow: hidden;
  text-decoration: none;
  color: white;
  transition: transform 0.4s ease;
}

.research-preview-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-10px);
}

.preview-image {
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
}

.preview-image img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  transition: transform 0.6s ease;
}

.research-preview-card:hover .preview-image img {
  transform: scale(1.1);
}

.card-overlay {
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  background: linear-gradient(
    180deg,
    rgba(0,0,0,0.2) 0%,
    rgba(0,0,0,0.8) 70%
  );
  z-index: 1;
}

.preview-content {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 2;
  padding: 2rem;
  height: 100%;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: flex-end;
}

.research-icon {
  position: absolute;
  top: 2rem;
  right: 2rem;
  width: 60px;
  height: 60px;
  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.1);
  backdrop-filter: blur(5px);
  border-radius: 50%;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  transition: transform 0.3s ease;
}

.research-icon i {
  font-size: 24px;
  color: white;
}

.research-preview-card:hover .research-icon {
  transform: rotate(360deg);
}

.preview-content h3 {
  font-size: 1.75rem;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.preview-content p {
  font-size: 1rem;
  opacity: 0.9;
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}

.research-highlights {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.75rem;
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}

.highlight-item {
  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.1);
  backdrop-filter: blur(5px);
  padding: 0.5rem 1rem;
  border-radius: 20px;
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.5rem;
}

.highlight-item i {
  font-size: 0.75rem;
}

.explore-link {
  font-weight: 500;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  opacity: 0.9;
  transition: opacity 0.3s ease;
}

.explore-link i {
  transition: transform 0.3s ease;
}

.research-preview-card:hover .explore-link {
  opacity: 1;
}

.research-preview-card:hover .explore-link i {
  transform: translateX(5px);
}

/* Animation Delays */
.fade-in-up {
  --delay: 0s;
  animation-delay: var(--delay);
}

/* Research Section Styles */
.research-section {
  margin-bottom: 6rem;
}

.research-badge {
  display: inline-block;
  padding: 0.5rem 1rem;
  background: var(--bs-primary);
  color: white;
  border-radius: 30px;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.research-title {
  font-size: 2.5rem;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
  color: var(--bs-dark);
}

.research-subtitle {
  font-size: 1.2rem;
  color: #6c757d;
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

.research-body {
  color: #495057;
}

.project-list {
  margin-left: 1rem;
  padding-left: 1rem;
  border-left: 3px solid var(--bs-primary);
}

.project-item {
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}

.project-item h4 {
  color: var(--bs-dark);
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.achievement-list {
  list-style: none;
  padding-left: 0;
}

.achievement-list li {
  position: relative;
  padding-left: 1.5rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
}

.achievement-list li::before {
  content: '→';
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  color: var(--bs-primary);
}

.partner-logos {
  display: flex;
  gap: 2rem;
  align-items: center;
  margin-top: 1rem;
}

.partner-logo {
  height: 40px;
  width: auto;
  opacity: 0.7;
  transition: opacity 0.3s ease;
}

.partner-logo:hover {
  opacity: 1;
}

.resource-link {
  display: block;
  padding: 1rem;
  background: #f8f9fa;
  border-radius: 8px;
  color: var(--bs-dark);
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.resource-link:hover {
  background: var(--bs-primary);
  color: white;
  transform: translateY(-2px);
}

.research-quick-stats {
  display: flex;
  gap: 2rem;
  margin-top: 2rem;
}

.quick-stat {
  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.1);
  backdrop-filter: blur(5px);
  padding: 1.5rem;
  border-radius: 10px;
  text-align: center;
}

.stat-number {
  font-size: 2.5rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.stat-label {
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 1px;
}

/* Vehicle Card Styles */
.vehicle-card {
  background: white;
  border-radius: 15px;
  overflow: hidden;
  height: calc(100vh - 300px);
  min-height: 600px;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 15px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
}

.vehicle-image {
  height: 40%;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.vehicle-image img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  transition: transform 0.3s ease;
}

.vehicle-card:hover .vehicle-image img {
  transform: scale(1.05);
}

.vehicle-content {
  padding: 2rem;
  flex-grow: 1;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: space-between;
}

.vehicle-title {
  font-size: 1.5rem;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
  color: var(--bs-dark);
}

.vehicle-description {
  color: #6c757d;
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
  flex-grow: 1;
}

.vehicle-specs {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
  gap: 1rem;
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

.spec-item {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 0.5rem;
}

.spec-label {
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  color: #6c757d;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.spec-value {
  font-size: 1.125rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--bs-dark);
}

/* Swiper Modifications */
.vehicle-slider {
  padding: 2rem 0;
}

.swiper-slide {
  height: auto;
}

/* Smooth Scrolling */
html {
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
  scroll-padding-top: 100px; /* Adjust based on your header height */
}

/* Add to existing styles */
.scroll-to {
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.scroll-to:hover {
  transform: translateY(-3px);
  box-shadow: 0 4px 15px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
}

.modal-dialog {
  max-width: 800px;
}

.modal-content {
  border-radius: 0.5rem;
}

.modal-body {
  max-height: 70vh;
  overflow-y: auto;
}

.research-preview-card {
  transition: transform 0.3s ease;
}

.research-preview-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-5px);
  cursor: pointer;
}

.swiper-slide a {
  transition: transform 0.3s ease;
  display: block;
}

.swiper-slide a:hover {
  transform: translateY(-5px);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.swiper-slide .text-primary {
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  font-weight: 500;
}

/* Gallery Styles */
.gallery-main {
  position: relative;
  height: 70vh;
  background: #000;
}

.gallery-main .swiper-button-next,
.gallery-main .swiper-button-prev {
  color: white;
  opacity: 0.7;
  transition: opacity 0.3s ease;
}

.gallery-main .swiper-button-next:hover,
.gallery-main .swiper-button-prev:hover {
  opacity: 1;
}

.gallery-main .swiper-button-next::after,
.gallery-main .swiper-button-prev::after {
  font-size: 24px;
}

.gallery-thumbs {
  padding: 10px 0;
  background: #000;
}

.gallery-thumbs .swiper-slide {
  opacity: 0.4;
  transition: opacity 0.3s ease;
  cursor: pointer;
}

.gallery-thumbs .swiper-slide-thumb-active {
  opacity: 1;
}

.slide-content {
  position: relative;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
}

.slide-content img {
  max-height: 85%;
  max-width: 100%;
  object-fit: contain;
}

.caption {
  color: white;
  margin-top: 1rem;
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  text-align: center;
}

.gallery-folder {
  box-shadow: 0 4px 15px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
  border-radius: 15px;
  overflow: hidden;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.gallery-folder:hover {
  transform: translateY(-5px);
  box-shadow: 0 8px 25px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);
}

/* Video Gallery Styles */
.video-overlay {
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  right: 0;
  bottom: 0;
  background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
}

.video-overlay i {
  font-size: 3rem;
  color: white;
  opacity: 0.8;
  transition: transform 0.3s ease;
}

.gallery-folder:hover .video-overlay i {
  transform: scale(1.1);
}

.video-wrapper {
  position: relative;
  width: 100%;
  height: 0;
  padding-bottom: 56.25%; /* 16:9 Aspect Ratio */
}

.video-wrapper iframe {
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
}

.video-slide {
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 1000px;
  margin: 0 auto;
}

.video-indicator {
  position: absolute;
  bottom: 10px;
  right: 10px;
  background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7);
  color: white;
  width: 24px;
  height: 24px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
}

.video-indicator i {
  font-size: 12px;
}

/* Adjust modal for videos */
.modal-content.bg-dark {
  background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.95) !important;
}

.gallery-main .swiper-slide {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
}

/* Media Gallery Styles */
.gallery-folder.research-preview-card {
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  border-radius: 15px;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: transform 0.3s ease;
}

.gallery-folder .preview-image {
  position: relative;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
}

.gallery-folder .preview-image img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
}

.gallery-folder .card-overlay {
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  background: linear-gradient(to bottom, rgba(0,0,0,0.2), rgba(0,0,0,0.7));
  z-index: 1;
}

.gallery-folder .preview-content {
  position: absolute;
  bottom: 0;
  left: 0;
  width: 100%;
  padding: 2rem;
  color: white;
  z-index: 2;
  transform: translateY(0);
  transition: transform 0.3s ease;
}

.gallery-folder .research-icon {
  width: 60px;
  height: 60px;
  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.1);
  border-radius: 50%;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
  backdrop-filter: blur(5px);
}

.gallery-folder .research-icon i {
  font-size: 24px;
  color: white;
}

.gallery-folder h3 {
  font-size: 1.75rem;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
  color: white;
}

.gallery-folder .explore-link {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  color: white;
  opacity: 0.8;
  transition: opacity 0.3s ease;
}

.gallery-folder:hover {
  transform: translateY(-5px);
}

.gallery-folder:hover .explore-link {
  opacity: 1;
}

.gallery-folder:hover .preview-content {
  transform: translateY(-5px);
}

/* Fade-in animation for gallery folders */
.fade-in-up {
  opacity: 0;
  transform: translateY(20px);
  transition: opacity 0.6s ease, transform 0.6s ease;
}

.fade-in-up.active {
  opacity: 1;
  transform: translateY(0);
}

#topBar {
  z-index: 1021;
}